Aspects of Human Development Job Satisfaction among Youth in Development Sector: A study on PGDRDM students of NIRDPR

Human resource managers of the present generation find it very difficult to ignore the concept of Job Satisfaction in a period when demand for meaningful work is on the rise. There is immense competition for scarce resources that resulted in increased labour cost. Organizations hence prefer to reduce labour turnover without having to hire more employees. This can be done only if the companies can retain the interests of existing employees. But job satisfaction is dependent upon a variety of factors more so in this digital era where youth trained in utilizing Information Communication Technology do have information about bright career opportunities. Youth in any sector, whether it is Information Technology, Manufacturing or development sector prefer to continue in their area of interest according to their level of Job satisfaction. The present paper focuses upon the job satisfaction levels of the present day youth in development sector. Through structured Questionnaire method 60 Post Graduate Diploma in Rural Development alumni students currently working in development sector have been assessed. The results indicated that youth in this digital era are having high expectations about their career and growth prospects and are ready to accept any kind of challenges

Multi-document summarization based on atomic semantic events and their temporal relationss

Automatic multi-document summarization (MDS) is the process of extracting the most important information such as events and entities from multiple natural language texts focused on the same topic. We extract all types of semantic atomic information and feed them to a topic model to experiment with their effects on a summary. We design a coherent summarization system by taking into account the sentence relative positions in the original text. Our generic MDS system has outperformed the best recent multi-document summarization system in DUC 2004 in terms of ROUGE-1 recall and $f_1$-measure. Our query-focused summarization system achieves a statistically similar result to the state-of-the-art unsupervised system for DUC 2007 query-focused MDS task in ROUGE-2 recall measure. Update Summarization is a new form of MDS where novel yet salience sentences are chosen as summary sentences based on the assumption that the user has already read a given set of documents. In this thesis, we present an event based update summarization where the novelty is detected based on the temporal ordering of events and the saliency is ensured by event and entity distribution. To our knowledge, no other study has deeply investigated the effects of the novelty information acquired from the temporal ordering of events (assuming that a sentence contains one or more events) in the domain of update MDS. Our update MDS system has outperformed the state-of-the-art update MDS system in terms of ROUGE-2, and ROUGE-SU4 recall measures. Our MDS systems also generate quality summaries which are manually evaluated based on popular evaluation criteria

A modified whale optimization algorithm for enhancing the features selection process in machine learning

In recent years, when there is an abundance of large datasets in various fields, the importance of feature selection problem has become critical for researchers. The real world applications rely on large datasets, which implies that datasets have hundreds of instances and attributes. Finding a better way of optimum feature selection could significantly improve the machine learning predictions. Recently, metaheuristics have gained momentous popularity for solving feature selection problem. Whale Optimization Algorithm has gained significant attention by the researcher community searching to solve the feature selection problem. However, the exploration problem in whale optimization algorithm still exists and remains to be researched as various parameters within the whale algorithm have been ignored and not introduced into machine learning models. This paper proposes a new and improved version of the whale algorithm entitled Modified Whale Optimization Algorithm (MWOA) that hybrid with the machine learning models such as logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, K-nearest neighbour, support vector machine, naïve Bayes model. To test this new approach and the performance, the breast cancer datasets were used for MWOA evaluation. The test results revealed the superiority of this model when compared to the results obtained by machine learning models

Interactive effects of phosphorus and potassium on biomass production and accumulation of nitrogen in field grown mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

A field experiment was carried out in the paddy field of Charfession Govt. College, Bhola, Bangladesh during rabi season 2017 to evaluate growth, biomass production and nitrogen accumulation in mungbean plants. The size of the plot was 60 cm x 45 cm. The distance between row to row and plant to plant was 30 cm and 10 cm, respectively. Eight plants were raised per plot. Seven treatments were P0K0 (Control), P5K6, P5K12, P5K18, P10K6, P10K12 and P10K18 kg ha-1. Forty day old plants were harvestedas root, stem and leaf. The highest plant height (17.2 cm) and number of leaves (14.3 no. plant-1) were recorded in P5K12 kg ha-1 treatment at harvest. The maximum concentration of nitrogen in root, stem and leaf were 1.59, 2.51 and 3.82% in the treatments of P5K12, P5K12 and P5K18 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest amount of dry matter yield 1.88 g plant-1 was observed in P5K12 kg ha-1 treatment. The overall better dose was P5K12 kg ha-1. Thus, a considerable amount of nitrogen and organic matter might be added to paddy fields through the cultivation of mungbean in the coastal region of Bangladesh. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 9 (1): 14-17, June, 201

In Vitro Screening for Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Effects of Uvaria littoralis Blume.: A Nootropic Phytotherapeutic Remedy

Background: Oxidative stress is strongly linked in the development of numerous chronic and degenerative disorders. Medicinal plants with antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities exert a key role for the management of oxidative stress related disorders mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore the purpose of this study was to assess antioxidant potentiality and anticholinesterase inhibitory activity of crude methanolic extract (CME), petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CLF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction (AQF) of Uvaria littoralis (U. littoralis) leaves. Methods: The antioxidant compounds namely total flavonoids contents (TFCs) and total proanthocyanidins contents (TPACCs) were determined for quantities constituent’s characterization. Antioxidant capacity of U. littoralis leaves were estimated by the iron reducing power (IRPA), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging capacity. Anticholinesterase effects were estimated for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinestrase (BChE) activity. Results: The EAF of U. littoralis leaves showed the highest TFCs as compared to CLF, CME, PEF and AQF. TPACCs were also found highest in EAF. The highest absorbance for IRPA was found in EAF (2.220 nm) with respect to CME and other fractions at the highest concentration. The EAF showed best DPPH and NO radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 31.63 and 55.47 μg/mL, respectively with regard to CME and remaining fractions. The PEF represents highest AChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 35.19 μg/mL and CLF showed highest BChE inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 32.49 μg/mL. Conclusions: The findings of the current study demonstrate the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals, likewise, turns out antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentiality of U. littoralis leaves which could be a prestigious candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases especially AD

COVID-19 impact on poultry production and distribution networks in Bangladesh

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected numerous economic sectors across the world, including livestock production. This study investigates how the pandemic has impacted the poultry production and distribution network (PDN), analyses stakeholders' changing circumstances, and provides recommendations for rapid and long-term resilience. This is based on a literature review, social media monitoring, and key informant interviews (n = 36) from across the poultry sector in Bangladesh. These included key informants from breeder farms and hatcheries, pharmaceutical suppliers, feed companies, dealers, farmers, middlemen, and vendors. We show that the poultry sector was damaged by the COVID-19 pandemic, partly as a result of the lockdown and also by rumors that poultry and their products could transmit the disease. This research shows that hardly any stakeholder escaped hardship. Disrupted production and transportation, declining consumer demand and volatile markets brought huge financial difficulties, even leading to the permanent closure of many farms. We show that the extent of the damage experienced during the first months of COVID-19 was a consequence of how interconnected stakeholders and businesses are across the poultry sector. For example, a shift in consumer demand in live bird markets has ripple effects that impact the price of goods and puts pressure on traders, middlemen, farmers, and input suppliers alike. We show how this interconnectedness across all levels of the poultry industry in Bangladesh makes it fragile and that this fragility is not a consequence of COVID-19 but has been revealed by it. This warrants long-term consideration beyond the immediate concerns surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic

Circulating exosomal immuno-oncological checkpoints and cytokines are potential biomarkers to monitor tumor response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, have significantly changed the treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients with better overall survival. However, 15-40% of the patients still fail to respond to ICIs therapy. Identification of biomarkers associated with responses are mandated in order to increase the efficacy of such therapy. In this study we evaluated 27 serum-derived exosomal immuno-oncological proteins and 44 cytokines/chemokines before and after ICIs therapy in 17 NSCLC patients to identify surrogate biomarkers for treatment/monitoring patient stratification for maximum therapeutic benefit. We first confirmed the identity of the isolated exosomes to have their specific markers (CD63, CD81, HSP70 and CD91). We have demonstrated that baseline concentration of exosomal-PD-L1 (p<0.0001), exosomal-PD-L2 (p=0.0413) and exosomal-PD-1 (p=0.0131) from NSCLC patients were significantly higher than their soluble-free forms. Furthermore, the exosomal-PD-L1 was present in all the patients (100%), while only 71% of patients expressed tissue PD-L1. This indicates that exosomal-PD-L1 is a more reliable diagnostic biomarker. Interestingly, exosomal-PD-L2 expression was significantly higher (p=0.0193) in tissue PD-L1-negative patients compared to tissue PD-L1-positive patients. We have also shown that immuno-oncological proteins isolated from pre-ICIs treated patients were significantly higher in exosomes compared to their soluble-free counterparts (CD152, p=0.0008; CD80, p=0.0182; IDO, p=0.0443; Arginase, p<0.0001; Nectin-2, p<0.0001; NT5E, p<0.0001; Siglec-7, p<0.0001; Siglec-9, p=0.0335; CD28, p=0.0092; GITR, p<0.0001; MICA, p<0.0001). Finally, the changes in the expression levels of exosomal immuno-oncological proteins/cytokines and their correlation with tumor response to ICIs treatment were assessed. There was a significant downregulation of exosomal PD-L1 (p=0.0156), E-Cadherin (p=0.0312), ULBP1 (p=0.0156), ULBP3 (p=0.0391), MICA (p=0.0391), MICB (p=0.0469), Siglec7 (p=0.0078) and significant upregulation of exosomal PD-1 (p=0.0156) and IFN- γ (p=0.0156) in responding patients. Non-responding patients showed a significant increase in exosomal-PD-L1 (p=0.0078). Furthermore, responding-patients without liver-metastasis showed significant-upregulation of PD-1 (p=0.0070), and downregulation of ULBP1 (p=0.0137) and Siglec-7 (p=0.0037). Non-responding patients had significant-downregulation of ULBP3 (p=0.0317) in patient without brain-metastasis and significant-upregulation/downregulation of PD-L1 and ULBP3 (p=0.0262/0.0286) in patients with pulmonary-metastasis. We demonstrated for the first time that exosomal immuno-oncological proteins/cytokines are potential biomarkers to monitor response to ICIs therapy and can predict the clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients